A
Absorbents: Substances that soak or absorb any liquid or vapor.
Acetyl: Chemical compounds containing an acetate group.
Acid: Acids are sour tasting chemical compounds that have a pH less than 7. Generic formula of these compounds is AH.
Additives: Substances like impact modifiers, colorants, plasticisers and stabilizers that accompany the product development process, lending specific property improvement.
Agrochemicals: Hormones, fungicides, or insecticides fall under this category of chemicals. They are known to enhance as well as protect the crop production process.
Alcohols: As per chemical nomenclature, alcohol refers to any organic compound in which a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) is bound to a C atom, further bound to other hydrogen and/or carbon atoms.
Aldehyde: Any organic compound containing a formyl group. Aldehydes serve as important starting material and intermediate in organic synthesis.
Aliphatic: Any organic compound in which the main structure is a chain of carbon atoms joined to each other, either in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings.
Alkali: Compounds that can neutralize an acid to form a salt. Common examples are sodium and potassium hydroxide.
Alkenes: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
Amines: Organic compounds containing nitrogen, where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl groups or other groups where the nitrogen is bonded to a carbon atom in the group.
Amorphous solid: A noncrystalline solid that does not possess a well-defined ordered structure.
Anhydride: Any chemical compound obtained, either in practice or in principle, by the simple process of removing water from another compound.
Aromatics: Aromatics are a group of hydrocarbons like benzene and toluene, which are always characterized by a perfumed smell. Most aromatics are extracted from crude oil, although small quantities of some aromatics are also derived from coal.
Atom: The basic building block of chemistry, these are chemical elements that combine with one another to form a compound. Composed of electron and a nucleus, an atom cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes.
B
Biocide: Biocides are formulations that have the power to eliminate or control viruses, bacteria, algae, moulds or yeasts.
Boiling Point: The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a boiling liquid becomes equivalent to the external pressure on the liquid, i.e., at this temperature the liquid boils at a fixed pressure, especially under standard atmospheric conditions.
Buffer solutions: Solutions that do not exhibit any change in their pH, even after addition of an acid or a base.
C
CAS number: Chemical Abstracts System number. A division of the American Chemical Society, CAS® is the producer of the world's largest and most comprehensive databases of chemical information.
Catalyst: Substances that have the power to alter the rate of a chemical reaction, without undergoing any chemical change itself at the end of the process.
Catalytic cracking: The process through which heavier hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into lighter hydrocarbon fractions by way of employing heat and catalysts.
Category: A group of closely related chemicals whose physico-chemical, ecotoxicological or toxicological properties are somewhat similar because of structural similarity.
Colloid: It is a kind of homogeneous mixture in which the dispersed particles do not settle out.
Composite: A solid material formed by combining two or more different substances in a manner that the new substance display properties superior to the original components in a specific application.
Compound: A compound, also known as a molecule is a combination of two or more different chemical elements or atoms held together by chemical bonds.
Contaminant: An impurity not intended to be present in the final product, but is often introduced through factors like poor cleaning, processing, or lack of appropriate environmental and personnel controls during the manufacturing or handling process.
Centrifugal Compressor: Also known as radial compressor, a centrifugal compressor is a kind of turbomachinery compresses air or gas by means of mechanical rotating vanes or impellers.
Chemical Recycling: Chemical recycling is the process through which waste products are recycled after partially altering their chemical structure.
Chromatography: A process or chemical technique for separating mixtures such as gases into their component parts for analytical purposes.
Dioxins (PCDDs): A generic name that represents the 210 organic compounds containing carbon, oxygen and hydrogen with one to eight chlorine atoms.
D
Detergent: A soap-like emulsifier identified by the presence of a sulfate, SO3 or a phosphate group instead of a carboxylate group.
Dilution: The process by which the concentration of a solute in solution is reduced.
Distillate: The liquid obtained through the process of distillation.
Distillation: The process of collecting the condensed vapor of a boiling liquid.
E
Emulsifier: Emulsifiers or emulsifying agents are substances which are utilized in producing an emulsion out of two liquids, usually those liquids that cannot be mixed together (like oil & water).
Ester: Any of a class of organic compounds that are derided from the chemical reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid.
Extinguishing Agents: Agents that are known to control or extinguish a fire, when properly applied.
F
Fertilizer: Substance that when added to soil enhances its ability to grow crops, trees, or other vegetation.
Flame retardants: Chemical compounds that raise the ignition point of various materials, consequently increasing their resistance to combustion
Flammable: A material that easily catches a fire.
Flocculant: A product utilized during waste treatment to separate unnecessary components from water and sludge.
H
Halogens: Group VIIA elements, i.e., Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine & Iodine.
Hard Water: Water that contains Fe3+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions.
Heterogeneous Mixture: Mixtures that do not exhibit uniformity in their composition and properties throughout.
Hygroscopic: Capacity to absorb or attract water. Common examples of hygroscopic substances are sugar, honey, glycerol, diesel fuel, etc.
I
Impurity: An unwanted substance contained in a product.
Inhibitor: A substance which is usually added to another substance in order to inhibit or prevent occurrence of an unwanted chemical reaction.
Inorganic Chemicals: Chemicals that do not possess carbon and its derivatives as principal elements.
Isomerisation: The chemical process of transforming a compound into any of its isomers.
L
Latex: A water emulsion of a synthetic rubber or plastic, usually obtained by polymerization process.
Lewis Acid: Any species that can act as an electron-pair acceptor.
Lewis Base: Any species that can act as an electron-pair donor.
Ligand: This is a Lewis base in a coordination compound.
M-P
Mass Number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
Melting Point: The temperature at which a solid substance melts and transforms into its liquid state.
Metallurgy: It is the overall process by which a metal is extracted from its ore.
Non-Combustible: A material that does not ignite or burn when exposed to fire or heat.
Organic Chemicals: A special body of chemicals containing carbon and its derivatives.
Petrochemical: An organic compound obtained from petroleum or natural gas.
Phthalate: Phthalates, also known as phthalate esters are produced from methanol and industrially employed as plasticisers.
Polymer: Natural or synthetic compounds identified by the presence of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers.
S-Z
Solution: A uniformly dispersed mixture containing a solvent (water or any other fluid) and a solute (the dissolved substance).
Solvent: A solvent is a liquid that can dissolve, suspend or extract other materials, without causing any chemical change to the material or solvent.
Stabilizer: Substances that are added to another substance to prevent an alteration or any unwanted change in the physical state of the substance to which it is added.
Surfactant: Surfactants are products that have the ability to decrease the surface tension of a liquid. They are mainly used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, anti-foam agents, and dispersing agents.
Viscous: Characterized by resistance to flow.
Volatility: The measure of the tendency or ability of a substance, especially a liquid to pass into the vapor phase.
Yield: It is the amount or quantity of product formed by the interaction/ combination of two or more substances.
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